Molecular Pathogenesis and Diagnostics of Bladder Cancer

被引:145
|
作者
Mitra, Anirban P. [1 ]
Cote, Richard J. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
[2] Univ So Calif, Dept Urol, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
urothelial carcinoma; risk factors; cellular pathways; prognosis; combined marker analysis; TRANSITIONAL-CELL-CARCINOMA; FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BCL-2 FAMILY PROTEINS; HUMAN URINARY-BLADDER; CARE PROTEOMIC ASSAY; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2; E-CADHERIN;
D O I
10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092230
中图分类号
R36 [病理学];
学科分类号
100104 ;
摘要
Despite elaborate characterization of the risk factors, bladder cancer is still a major epidemiological problem whose incidence continues to rise each year. Urothelial carcinoma is now recognized as a disease of alterations in several cellular processes. The more prevalent, less aggressive, recurrent, noninvasive tumors are characterized by constitutive activation of the Ras-MAPK pathway. The less common but more aggressive invasive tumors, which have a higher mortality rate, are characterized by alterations in the p53 and retinoblastoma pathways. Several diagnostic tests have attempted to identify these molecular alterations in tumor cells exfoliated in the urine, whereas prognostic tests have tried to identify aberrations so as to predict tumor behavior and identify therapeutic targets. The future of bladder cancer patient management will rely on the use of molecular tests to reliably diagnose the presence of disease, predict individual tumor behavior, and suggest potential targeted therapeutics.
引用
收藏
页码:251 / 285
页数:35
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