Internal Return of Carbon Dioxide in Decarboxylation: Catalysis of Separation and 12C/13C Kinetic Isotope Effects

It has been proposed that the decarboxylation of mandetylthiamin, the adduct of benzoylformate and thiamin, is uniquely catalyzed by protonated pyridines through a preassociation mechanism in which proton transfer competes with the internal return of carbon dioxide. Application of this mechanism suggests that the observed primary C-12/C-13 kinetic isotope effect in the absence of catalyst is reduced in magnitude because diffusion of carbon dioxide is partially rate-determining. Where proton transfer blocks the internal return of carbon dioxide, the separation of carbon dioxide is facilitated, and the observed isotope effect increases toward the intrinsic value for carbon-carbon bond breaking. Headspace analysis of carbon dioxide formed over the course of the reaction shows that protonated pyridine increases the magnitude of the observed C-12/C-13 KIE, consistent with the proposed mechanism.