The Unified National Health System: decision-making forums and the political arena in health

This article analyzes the creation of new political arenas in the Brazilian health sector as well as shifts in power relations among state and social political actors in the context of public health system reform, focusing on the last two decades. The three main conclusions are the following: The creation of forums in which government actors can establish agreements that allow the shared national, State, and municipal coordination of management measures have strengthened the positions of these actors in the health political arena. Social actors, led by representatives of professional health societies, were both urged (and also took the initiative) to submit their demands and proposals through participatory forums that dealt mainly with secondary political issues, thus steadily losing the capacity to influence the real decision-making process in the sector. Market stakeholders took little part in the participatory forums, rather preferring to exert their influence directly on public decision-makers and to implement adaptive strategies to increase their profits.