Synchronisation Control and Operation of Microgrids for Rural/Island Applications

A microgrid has been recognised as a potential solution for decentralised systems in supplying electricity to remote areas. Typically, a microgrid operates in parallel with the utility grid. However, this work investigates the synchronisation and connection of two or more microgrids. The work specifically looks at scenarios where connection to a utility grid is complex due to technical and economical limitations, such as in rural areas. Nevertheless, these microgrids are able to connect to a utility grid in the future. A microgrid system model consisting of a wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV) array, direct current (DC) storage, voltage source inverter (VSI) control and load demand will be used for the case study. The proposed design of a phase-locked loop (PLL), main controller (MC) and synchronisation controller (SC) will be laid out. These components are utilised to achieve successful connection between microgrids. Finally, power flow studies and system performances are discussed. The success of the proposed algorithm and studies validate the microgrid system as a sustainable energy system.