Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells induce trophoblast invasion via dynamic effects on mitochondrial function

The trophoblast is a critical cell for placental development and embryo implantation in the placenta. We previously reported that placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) increase trophoblast invasion through several signaling pathways. However, the paracrine effects of PD-MSCs on mitochondrial function in trophoblasts are still unclear. Therefore, the objective of the study was to analyze the mitochondrial function of trophoblasts in response to cocultivation with PD-MSCs. The results showed that PD-MSCs regulate the balance between cell survival and death and protect damaged mitochondria in trophoblasts from oxidative stress. Moreover, PD-MSCs upregulate factors involved in mitochondrial autophagy in trophoblast cells. Finally, PD-MSCs improve trophoblast invasion. Taken together, the data indicate that PD-MSCs can regulate trophoblast invasion through dynamic effects on mitochondrial energy metabolism. These results support the fundamental role of mitochondrial energy mechanism in trophoblast invasion and suggest a new therapeutic strategy for infertility.