PurposeHead motion continues to be a major source of artifacts and data quality degradation in MRI. The goal of this work was to develop and demonstrate a novel technique for prospective, 6 degrees of freedom (6DOF) rigid body motion estimation and real-time motion correction using inductively coupled wireless nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe markers. MethodsThree wireless probes that are inductively coupled with the scanner's RF setup serve as fiducials on the subject's head. A 12-ms linear navigator module is interleaved with the imaging sequence for head position estimation, and scan geometry is updated in real time for motion compensation. Flip angle amplification in the markers allows the use of extremely small navigator flip angles (approximate to 1 degrees). A novel algorithm is presented to identify marker positions in the absence of marker specific receive channels. Motion correction is demonstrated in high resolution 2D and 3D gradient recalled echo experiments in a phantom and humans. ResultsSignificant improvement of image quality is demonstrated in phantoms and human volunteers under different motion conditions. ConclusionA novel real-time 6DOF head motion correction technique based on wireless NMR probes is demonstrated in high resolution imaging at 7 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 72:971-985, 2014. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
White, Nathan
Roddey, Cooper
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Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Roddey, Cooper
Shankaranarayanan, Ajit
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GE Healthcare, Global Appl Sci Lab, Waukesha, WI USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Shankaranarayanan, Ajit
Han, Eric
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GE Healthcare, Global Appl Sci Lab, Waukesha, WI USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Han, Eric
Rettmann, Dan
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GE Healthcare, Global Appl Sci Lab, Waukesha, WI USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Rettmann, Dan
Santos, Juan
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Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Santos, Juan
Kuperman, Josh
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Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Radiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Kuperman, Josh
Dale, Anders
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Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Radiol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Cognit Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA