[1] NYU, Dept Econ, New York, NY 10003 USA
[2] Stanford Univ, Hoover Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
[3] Columbia Univ, Grad Sch Business, New York, NY 10027 USA
[4] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[5] Shanghai Univ Finance & Econ, Sch Finance, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China
[6] Shanghai Inst Int Finance & Econ, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China