Dynamic testing in indigenous and ethnic minority children

Our study aim was to examine whether ethnic-minority children would show different change patterns to indigenous children when presented with a seriation task within a dynamic testing context based on graduated prompt-techniques. We hypothesized that both Dutch-indigenous and ethnic-minority children would employ more sophisticated strategies after graduated prompt-training compared with untrained control-group children, and that trained ethnicity groups would show different progression paths from pre- to posttest. We also hypothesized that ethnic-minority and Dutch-indigenous children would progress differently in types of strategies over the course of their training, and that they would differ in number and type of instructions needed; i.e., whether various learning patterns could be detected. We further examined which variables predicted strategy-level best. Dynamically tested children changed their strategy behavior into the direction of a more advanced strategy; this change was the largest for the initial weaker scoring ethnic-minority children. These children also initially needed more but progressively needed less cognitive hints than Dutch-indigenous children during training. The graduated prompts approach we made use of clearly unfolds possibilities to detect and describe strong and weaker points in each child's solving processes before, during and after training. With a short intervention it appeared possible to describe how many prompts when and what type of prompts a child needed during training, i.e. to describe "the learning while tested" process. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.