Filial responses as predisposed and learned preferences: Early attachment in chicks and babies

被引:79
作者
Di Giorgio, Elisa [1 ]
Loveland, Jasmine L. [1 ]
Mayer, Uwe [1 ]
Rosa-Salva, Orsola [1 ]
Versace, Elisabetta [1 ]
Vallortigara, Giorgio [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Trento, Ctr Mind Brain Sci, Rovereto, TN, Italy
基金
欧洲研究理事会;
关键词
Social predispositions (biological motion; face preferences self-propulsion); Naive chicks (Gallus gallus); Newborn babies; Autism spectrum disorders (ASD); Neural and hormonal correlates; Septum; BIOLOGICAL MOTION PERCEPTION; VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL POLYPEPTIDE; FUNCTIONAL BRAIN-DEVELOPMENT; VOLES MICROTUS-OCHROGASTER; MONKEY SUPERIOR COLLICULUS; RECEPTIVE-FIELD PROPERTIES; FINCH TAENIOPYGIA-GUTTATA; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR NETWORK; NEWLY-HATCHED CHICKS; AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS;
D O I
10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.018
中图分类号
B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];
学科分类号
03 ; 0303 ; 030303 ; 04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
To what extent are filial responses the outcome of spontaneous or acquired preferences? The case of domestic chicks illustrates the connection between predisposed and learned knowledge in early social responses. In the absence of specific experience, chicks prefer to approach objects that are more similar to natural social partners (e.g. they prefer face-like configurations, biological motion, self-propelled objects and those that move at variable speed). Spontaneous preferences are complemented by filial imprinting, a powerful learning mechanism that enables chicks to quickly learn the features of specific social partners. While neurobiological studies have clarified that the substrates of spontaneous and learned preferences are at least partially distinct in chicks, evidence shows that spontaneous preferences might orient and facilitate imprinting on animate stimuli, such as the mother hen, and that hormones facilitate and strengthen preferences for predisposed stimuli. Preferences towards animate stimuli are observed in human neonates as well. The remarkable consistency between the perceptual cues attended to by newborn babies and naive chicks suggests that the attentional biases observed in babies are unlikely to result from very rapid post-natal learning, and confirms that research on precocial species can inform and guide human infant research with regards to both typical and atypical development. This has potentially important biomedical implications, opening new possibilities for the early detection of subjects at risk for autism spectrum disorders. We show how the parallel investigation of predispositions in naive chicks and human infants, both benefiting from contact with social partners since the beginning of life, has greatly improved our understanding of early responses to social stimuli at the behavioural and neurobiological level. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:90 / 104
页数:15
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