Extra-solar planets exploration using frequency comb: Infrared Doppler instrument for the Subaru telescope (IRD)

Because of their large numbers, red dwarfs may be the most abundant planet hosts in our Galaxy. In order to detect Earth-like planets around nearby red dwarfs (in particular late-M stars), it is crucial to conduct the precise radial velocity (RV) measurements at near-infrared wavelengths where these stars emit most of light. We report the development of the Infrared Doppler (IRD) spectrometer for the Subaru telescope. IRD is a fiber-fed, high-precision, near infrared spectrometer with a spectral resolution of R similar to 70,000 covering from 0.97 to 1.75 mu m. To achieve 1m/s RV measurement precision, we employ our original laser frequency comb of a wide wavelength coverage as an extremely stable wavelength standard in the near-infrared. The spectrometer optics is composed of a new wide-pitch Echelle-grating and Volume-Phase Holographic gratings. To achieve ultimate thermal stability, very low thermal expansion ceramic is used for most of the optical components including the optical bench. The spectrometer will utilize a 4096x4096-pixel HgCdTe array,