INFINITE SUM OF THE PRODUCT OF EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS, ITS ANALYTIC CONTINUATION, AND APPLICATION

We show that the function S(1)(x) = (k=1)Sigma(infinity) e(-2 pi kx) log k can be expressed as the sum of a simple function and an infinite series, whose coefficients are related to the Riemann zeta function. Analytic continuation to the imaginary argument S(1)(ix) = K(0)(x) - iK(1)(x) is made. For x = p/q where p and q are integers with p < q, closed finite sum expressions for K(0)(p/q) and K(1)(p/q) are derived. The latter results enable us to evaluate Ramanujan's function phi(x) = (k=1)Sigma(infinity) (log k/k - log(k + x)/k + x) for x = -2/3, -3/4, and -5/6, confirming what Ramanujan claimed but did not explicitly reveal in his Notebooks. The interpretation of a pair of apparently inscrutable divergent series in the notebooks is discussed. They reveal hitherto unsuspected connections between Ramanujan's phi(x), K(0)(x), K(1)(x), and the classical formulas of Gauss and Kummer for the digamma function.