Combining Organosolv Pretreatment with Mechanical Grinding of Sugarcane Bagasse for the Preparation of Nanofibrillated Cellulose in a Novel Green Approach

The production of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) from bagasse was optimized through a novel green approach by combining an organosolv pretreatment with microgrinding. Bagasse was processed through organosolv pretreatment with trifluoroacetic acid (OPT) as a catalyst to provide precursor fibers with full control of chemical components for NFC production. The mass balance of the pretreated bagasse through OPT (OPTB) was determined by its chemical components and total organic carbon analysis. OPT was found to be an efficient and energy-saving strategy for recovering cellulose, as well as hydrolyzing hemicellulose and lignin. Noncellulosic contents in OPTB fibers were optimized to obtain a high NFC yield through microgrinding. The highest NFC yield relative to the mass of precursor fibers of 72% was achieved through mechanical defibrillation of the OPTB containing noncellulosic content of 29%, which generated nanofibrils with the average diameter of 9 nm. In biorefinery principles, OPT not only converted 57% of bagasse to solid cellulosic fibers for NFC preparation, but also 30% of bagasse to valuable bioproducts including the hemicellulose-derived xylose (19%) and lignin-derived organosolv lignin (11%). The combined OPT and microgrinding produced NFC and simultaneously extracted bioproducts from bagasse while using easily recoverable and low environmental impact reagents.