Product and labor market imperfections and scale economies: Micro-evidence on France, Japan and the Netherlands

Allowing for three labor market settings (perfect competition or right-to-manage bargaining, efficient bargaining and monopsony), this paper relies on two extensions of Hall's econometric framework for estimating simultaneously price-cost margins and scale economies. Using an unbalanced panel of 17653 firms over the period 1986-2001 in France, 8728 firms over the period 1994-2006 in Japan and 7828 firms over the period 1993-2008 in the Netherlands, we first apply two procedures to classify 30 comparable manufacturing industries in 6 distinct regimes that differ in terms of the type of competition prevailing in product and labor markets. For each of the predominant regimes in each country, we then investigate industry differences in the estimated product and labor market imperfections and scale economies. Consistent with differences in institutions and in the industrial relations system in the three countries, we find important regime differences across the three countries and also observe differences in the levels of product market imperfections and scale economies within regimes. Journal of Comparative Economics 43 (2) (2015) 290-322. VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Tinbergen Institute (TIA), Gustav Mahlerplein 117, 1082 MS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; IZA, Schaumburg-Lippe-Strasse 5-9, 53113 Bonn, Germany; Keio Economic Observatory, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku 108-8345, Tokyo, Japan; RIETI, 1-3-1, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, 100-8901 Tokyo, Japan; CREST (ParisTech-ENSAE), 15 Boulevard Gabriel Pen, 92245 Malakoff Cedex, France; UNU-MERIT (Maastricht University), Keizer Karelplein 19, 6211 TC Maastricht, The Netherlands; NBER, 1050 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, USA. (C) 2014 Association for Comparative Economic Studies. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.