Current status of renal transplantation in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The reported annual incidence of end-stage renal disease in Saudi Arabia is 100 to 120 patients per million population. The first dialysis unit in Saudi Arabia was established in 1971; thereafter, rapid advances have been made in the field of renal replacement therapy. At the end of 2002, there were 144 centers offering dialysis to about 7390 patients. A National Kidney Foundation was established in 1985 to implement the cadaveric organ transplant program and to coordinate the renal care facilities. This center was renamed Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation (SCOT) in 1993 to encompass transplantation of organs other than the kidney. An impetus was achieved in 1982 with the approval by Islamic scholars of the concept of brain-death and organ transplantation. From 1979, when the first renal transplant was performed, until the end of 2002, more than 3810 renal transplants have been performed in 13 transplant centers in Saudi Arabia, in addition to 260 liver, 95 heart, 280 heart valve, 510 cornea, 4 pancreas, 8 lung, and 1000 bone marrow transplants. The survival of patients and (grafts) in those who received living related renal transplants was 98.4(96.9), 96.7(96.7), and 96.7(92.2) at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Moreover, the survival of patients and grafts among those who received cadaveric donor organs was 96.2(96.2), 93(92.1), and 93(87.2), at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. In conclusion, there has been increased renal transplantation in Saudi Arabia and there is even more room to increase the frequency of these transplants to decrease the expanding gap between supply and demand through increasing the efforts for organ donation from living and cadaveric donors.