A Problem of Amplification: Folklore and Fake News in the Age of Social Media

This commentary on the 2018 special issue of the Journal of American Folklore, "Fake News: Definitions and Approaches," argues that digital networks have enabled fake news by amplification. Fake news by amplification occurs when smallscale events become amplified through the convergent actions of everyday users, mass media gatekeepers, and social media algorithms. Events that are amplified risk becoming distorted as they circulate, with users supplying their own context and interpretations. The resultingfake news is difficult to counter because it goes beyond questions offact and enters the realm of interpretation, enabled by widespread networked belief.