Sustained effects of high participation in an early intervention for low-birth-weight premature infants

Effects of high participation in the infant Health and Development Program (IHDP), an, 8-site randomized trial that targeted low-birth-weight (LBW) premature infants (N = 1,082), were estimated. Children in the treatment group were offered high-quality center-based care in their 2nd and 3rd years of life (full-day care, 50 weeks per year). High-dosage effects were estimated with, a new methodology that found a matched comparison group within the follow-up group for those with high participation rates; these estimates were compared with traditional intention-to-treat (ITT estimates. At age 8, effects on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Full and Verbal scales for children who attended > 400 days ranged from 7 to 10 points. For the heavier LBW infants (2,001-2,500 g), the effects were about 14 points for > 400 days, for the lighter LBW infants (less than or equal to 2,000 g), the effects were about 8 points, These effects were all substantially higher than corresponding ITT effects. Similar but smaller effects were found for children who attended > 350 days.