Parental unemployment, social insurance and child well-being across countries

Based on a unique repeated cross-sectional data set of school-aged children in Europe, the Middle East and North America, we analyze how children's subjective well-being is re-lated to parents' employment status, depending on the institutional context. We find that parental unemployment is strongly negatively related to children's life satisfaction across countries and years. The effect is thereby moderated by the generosity of unemployment benefits. Exploiting across-and within-country variation, our results suggest that a higher benefit replacement rate, on average, alleviates the negative effects of fathers', but not mothers', unemployment. We further test the robustness of our results considering un-employment benefits jointly with social work norms. While the buffering effect of unem-ployment insurance remains, the spillover effects of paternal unemployment seem to be more pronounced in environments with stricter social work norms.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )