Complete characterization of porous piezoelectric ceramics properties including losses and dispersion

In this paper a line of porous piezoelectric ceramics with 3-0/3-3 connectivity types and porosity up to 70% was systematically studied. Complex sets of elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients of the porous piezoelectric ceramics were measured by ultrasonic and impedance spectroscopy methods using Piezoelectric Resonance Analysis (PRAP) software. Finite element modeling (FEM) of effective constants of the porous piezoelectric ceramics was performed using ANSYS software package. Critical comparison of numerical FEM calculations with the results of various approximated formulas, unit cell models, and experimental data for different porous piezoelectric ceramics was carried out.