Improved light outcoupling of organic light-emitting diodes by randomly embossed nanostructure

In this paper, we proposed a very economical and simple method to fabricate the randomly structured organic light emitting diode (OLED) to enhance light outcoupling efficiency. The random pattern is obtained by directly spin-coating the mixture solution of polystyrene (PS) nanospheres and PEDOT:PSS on an ITO/glass substrate and then removing PS nanospheres. The results demonstrate that using such a randomly embossed PEDOT:PSS as the hole injection layer in Alq(3)-based OLED produces the maximum current efficiency of 3.34 cd/A with the enhancement factor of 18.0% and the maximum power efficiency of 2.161m/W with the enhancement factor of 67.9% compared with the typical planar Alq(3)-based OLED (with no PEDOT:PSS layer). On one hand, the enhanced efficiency is associated with the enhanced injection/transport of holes. On the other hand, the enhanced efficiency is also attributed to the extraction of some trapped optical modes over a broad range of wavelengths. This work offers a promising method for the fabrication of high performance, low-cost and large area OLEDs. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.