Late homograft valve insertion after transannular patch repair of tetralogy of Fallot

Background ann aims of the study: Transannular patch repair of tetralogy of Fallot leads to pulmonary insufficiency and progressive right ventricular dilatation responsible for a decreased exercise capacity. We studied the impact of late homograft insertion on the regression of the right ventricular volumes in symptomatic patients. Methods: Between July 1992 and August 1996, 15 consecutive patients (age range: 4 to 24 years) were operated on at a median of 13 years (range: 3 to 20 years) after transannular patch repair of tetralogy of Fallot. All patients complained of exertional dyspnea and fatigue. Syncopes were reported in six patients and four patients had sustained episodes of ventricular tachycardia. Fourteen had pulmonary regurgitation grade 3 or 4 and one had an associated stenosis and insufficiency. All patients had a dilated right ventricle. At reoperation, no patients presented with major aneurysm. The patch was resected and the right ventricular outflow tract reconstructed with a cryopreserved pulmonary homograft. Right ventricular volumes were studied before the procedure and at the last follow up consultation. Results: There was no operative death. One patient who had a concomitant patch repair of a hypoplastic left pulmonary artery needed extracorporeal circulatory support for eight days. After a median follow up of 25 months (range: 3 to 54 months) all patients but one are in NYHA class I. There were no late deaths. The mean end-diastolic diameter of the right ventricle decreased from 36 +/- 9 mm before surgery to 31 +/- 6 mm (not significant). The mean ratio between the end-diastolic diameter of the right and the left ventricles decreased from 0.94 +/- 0.3 to 0.74 +/- 0.2 (p<0.01). Conclusion: An increasing number of patients who had transannular patch repair for tetralogy of Fallot will require reoperation for symptomatic long-term pulmonary regurgitation. Homograft reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract of these patients induces regression of their right ventricular dilatation and leads to their functional recovery.