Reliability engineering approach to digital watermark evaluation

被引:0
|
作者
Kim, Hyung Cook [1 ]
Delp, Edward J. [1 ]
机构
[1] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Video & Image Proc Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1117/1.2400608
中图分类号
TM [电工技术]; TN [电子技术、通信技术];
学科分类号
0808 ; 0809 ;
摘要
Robust still image watermarks are evaluated in terms of image fidelity and robustness. We extend this framework and apply reliability testing to robust still image watermark evaluation. Reliability is the probability that a watermarking algorithm will correctly detect or decode a watermark for a specified fidelity requirement under a given set of attacks and images. In reliability testing, a system is evaluated in terms of quality, load, capacity, and performance. To measure quality that corresponds to image fidelity, we compensate for attacks to measure the fidelity of attacked watermarked images. We use a conditional mean of pixel values to compensate for valu-metric attacks such as gamma correction and histogram equalization. To compensate for geometrical attacks, we use error concealment and perfect motion estimation assumption. We define capacity to be the minimum embedding strength parameter and the maximum data payload that meet a specified error criteria. Load is then defined to be the actual embedding strength and data payload of a watermark. To measure performance, we use bit error rate (BER) and receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) of a watermarking algorithm for different attacks and images. We evaluate robust watermarks for various loads, attacks, and images. (c) 2006 SPIE and IS&T.
引用
收藏
页数:15
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [1] A reliability engineering approach to digital watermark evaluation
    Kim, HC
    Delp, EJ
    SECURITY, STEGANOGRAPHY, AND WATERMARKING OF MULTIMEDIA CONTENTS VIII, 2006, 6072
  • [2] Practical capacity of digital watermark as constrained by reliability
    Sugihara, R
    INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: CODING AND COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS, 2001, : 85 - 89
  • [3] NEW APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF THE RELIABILITY OF DIGITAL-SYSTEMS
    KOREN, I
    SADEH, E
    IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS, 1980, 29 (03) : 261 - 267
  • [4] Digital watermark
    Li, QY
    Meng, QH
    Gao, WJ
    Yang, SF
    Jiang, M
    WAVELET ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS (WAA), VOLS 1 AND 2, 2003, : 992 - 997
  • [5] The capacity estimation approach for digital watermark in JPEG images
    Yang Su-min
    Wang Jia-zhen
    Zhang Zheng-bao
    Ding Guo-Liang
    ISTM/2007: 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TEST AND MEASUREMENT, VOLS 1-7, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, 2007, : 1142 - 1145
  • [6] Research on the application of digital watermark technology to network evaluation
    Long, J. (dragone7968@163.com), 2005, Hunan University (32):
  • [7] Digital Engineering Transformation for Reliability/Maintainability
    Beshears, Raymond
    Long, Jordan
    2024 ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, RAMS, 2024,
  • [8] A watermark for digital images
    Wolfgang, RB
    Delp, EJ
    INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS - VOL III, 1996, : 219 - 222
  • [9] CREATING A DIGITAL WATERMARK
    NEWMAN, A
    SILVA, R
    MUSEUM NEWS, 1995, 74 (05): : 53 - 56
  • [10] An engineering approach to human reliability
    Fragola, JR
    SAFETY AND RELIABILITY, VOLS 1 & 2, 1999, : 657 - 662