Energy Management for EV Participation In Local Energy Markets

Increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in the distribution system is leading to issues like costly system upgrades, low power quality and underutilization of renewable generation capacity. Local energy markets (LEM) are seen as a promising solution to these problems. Nonetheless, the integration and coordination of local markets into existing market structures is still an ongoing research problem. This paper proposes a LEM structure for community houses equipped with EV charging and rooftop photovoltaic (PV). The LEM system is formulated as an optimization problem with participants aiming to maximize profits while characterizing the market-clearing by the bid process. Moreover, an aggregator is established to integrate the LEM with the wholesale market and to maintain the trading of energy required and excess energy between LEM and the wholesale market. The impact of variation of aggregator tariff on charging cost is analysed.