Modelling the gain and photon statistics of single and double pass Er3+ -doped Ti:LiNbO3 M-mode straight waveguide amplifiers

In this paper we report some original results concerning the evaluation of some parameters which characterize the Er3+-doped LiNbO3 M-mode straight waveguide amplifiers pumped near 1484 nm. The derivation of the spectral optical gain, the Fano Factor and the statistical fluctuation which characterize the photon statistics are performed in the small gain approximation and the unsaturated regime by using erfc, Gaussian and constant profile of the Er3+ ions in LiNbO3 crystal. The simulation results show the evolution of the above mentioned parameters under various pump regimes and waveguide lengths and can be used for the design of the integrated optical devices.