The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: first results from the SCUBA-2 observations of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud and a virial analysis of its prestellar core population

被引：124

作者：

Pattle, K. ^{[1
]}

Ward-Thompson, D. ^{[1
]}

Kirk, J. M. ^{[1
]}

White, G. J. ^{[2
,3
]}

Drabek-Maunder, E. ^{[4
]}

Buckle, J. ^{[5
,6
]}

Beaulieu, S. F. ^{[7
]}

Berry, D. S. ^{[8
]}

Broekhoven-Fiene, H. ^{[9
]}

Currie, M. J. ^{[8
]}

Fich, M. ^{[7
]}

Hatchell, J. ^{[10
]}

Kirk, H. ^{[11
]}

Jenness, T. ^{[8
,12
]}

Johnstone, D. ^{[8
,9
,11
]}

Mottram, J. C. ^{[13
]}

Nutter, D. ^{[14
]}

Pineda, J. E. ^{[15
,16
,17
]}

Quinn, C. ^{[14
]}

Salji, C. ^{[5
,6
]}

Tisi, S. ^{[7
]}

Walker-Smith, S. ^{[5
,6
]}

Di Francesco, J. ^{[9
,11
]}

Hogerheijde, M. R. ^{[13
]}

Andre, Ph. ^{[18
]}

Bastien, P. ^{[19
,20
]}

Bresnahan, D. ^{[1
]}

Butner, H. ^{[21
]}

Chen, M. ^{[9
]}

Chrysostomou, A. ^{[22
]}

Coude, S. ^{[19
,20
]}

Davis, C. J. ^{[23
]}

Duarte-Cabral, A. ^{[10
]}

Fiege, J. ^{[24
]}

Friberg, P. ^{[8
]}

Friesen, R. ^{[25
]}

Fuller, G. A. ^{[16
]}

Graves, S. ^{[5
,6
]}

Greaves, J. ^{[26
]}

Gregson, J. ^{[2
,3
]}

Griffin, M. J. ^{[14
]}

Holland, W. ^{[27
,28
]}

Joncas, G. ^{[29
,30
]}

Knee, L. B. G. ^{[11
]}

Koenyves, V. ^{[18
,19
,20
,31
]}

Mairs, S. ^{[9
]}

Marsh, K. ^{[14
]}

Matthews, B. C. ^{[9
,11
]}

Moriarty-Schieven, G. ^{[11
]}

Rawlings, J. ^{[32
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England

[2] Open Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England

[3] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0NL, Oxon, England

[4] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BB, England

[5] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England

[6] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

[7] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada

[8] Joint Astron Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA

[9] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada

[10] Univ Exeter, Phys & Astron, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England

[11] NRC Herzberg Astron & Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada

[12] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[13] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[14] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

[15] ESO, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[16] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England

[17] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

[18] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Lab AIM CEA DSM, CNRS,IRFU Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[19] Univ Montreal, Ctr Rech Astrophys Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada

[20] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada

[21] James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA

[22] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England

[23] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England

[24] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada

[25] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada

[26] Univ St Andrews, Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland

[27] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland

[28] Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland

[29] Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Astrophys Quebec, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada

[30] Univ Laval, Dept Phys Genie Phys & Opt, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada

[31] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France

[32] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England

[33] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada

[34] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada

[35] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[36] IFSI INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[37] Univ Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia

[38] Natl Astron Observ China, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China

来源：

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY | 2015年 / 450卷 / 01期

基金：

加拿大创新基金会;

关键词：

stars: formation; dust; extinction; ISM: individual objects: L1688; ISM: individual objects: L1689; ISM: kinematics and dynamics; submillimetre: ISM; CLERK MAXWELL TELESCOPE; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; HERSCHEL-SPIRE INSTRUMENT; ISOLATED STAR-FORMATION; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; DARK CLOUD; DENSE CORES; MAIN CLOUD; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; LEGACY SURVEY;

D O I：

10.1093/mnras/stv376

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

In this paper, we present the first observations of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud performed as part of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Gould Belt Survey (GBS) with the SCUBA-2 instrument. We demonstrate methods for combining these data with previous HARP CO, Herschel, and IRAM N2H+ observations in order to accurately quantify the properties of the SCUBA-2 sources in Ophiuchus. We produce a catalogue of all of the sources found by SCUBA-2. We separate these into protostars and starless cores. We list all of the starless cores and perform a full virial analysis, including external pressure. This is the first time that external pressure has been included in this level of detail. We find that the majority of our cores are either bound or virialized. Gravitational energy and external pressure are on average of a similar order of magnitude, but with some variation from region to region. We find that cores in the Oph A region are gravitationally bound prestellar cores, while cores in the Oph C and E regions are pressure-confined. We determine that N2H+ is a good tracer of the bound material of prestellar cores, although we find some evidence for N2H+ freeze-out at the very highest core densities. We find that non-thermal linewidths decrease substantially between the gas traced by (CO)-O-18 and that traced by N2H+, indicating the dissipation of turbulence at higher densities. We find that the critical Bonnor-Ebert stability criterion is not a good indicator of the boundedness of our cores. We detect the pre-brown dwarf candidate Oph B-11 and find a flux density and mass consistent with previous work. We discuss regional variations in the nature of the cores and find further support for our previous hypothesis of a global evolutionary gradient across the cloud from south-west to north-east, indicating sequential star formation across the region.

引用

页码：1094 / 1122

页数：29

共 12 条

[1] The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: a first look at SCUBA-2 observations of the Lupus I molecular cloud
Mowat, C.
Hatchell, J.
Rumble, D.
Kirk, H.
Buckle, J.
Berry, D. S.
Broekhoven-Fiene, H.
Currie, M. J.
Jenness, T.
Johnstone, D.
Mottram, J. C.
Pattle, K.
Tisi, S.
Di Francesco, J.
Hogerheijde, M. R.
Ward-Thompson, D.
Bastien, P.
Bresnahan, D.
Butner, H.
Chen, M.
Chrysostomou, A.
Coude, S.
Davis, C. J.
Drabek-Maunder, E.
Duarte-Cabral, A.
Fich, M.
Fiege, J.
Friberg, P.
Friesen, R.
Fuller, G. A.
Graves, S.
Greaves, J.
Holland, W.
Joncas, G.
Kirk, J. M.
Knee, L. B. G.
Mairs, S.
Marsh, K.
Matthews, B. C.
Moriarty-Schieven, G.
Rawlings, J.
Retter, B.
Richer, J.
Robertson, D.
Rosolowsky, E.
Sadavoy, S.
Thomas, H.
Tothill, N.
Viti, S.
White, G. J.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2017, 467 (01) : 812 - 835
[2] The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: First results from SCUBA-2 observations of the Cepheus Flare region
Pattle, K.
Ward-Thompson, D.
Kirk, J.M.
Di Francesco, J.
Kirk, H.
Mottram, J.C.
Keown, J.
Buckle, J.
Beaulieu, S.F.
Berry, D.S.
Broekhoven-Fiene, H.
Currie, M.J.
Fich, M.
Hatchell, J.
Jenness, T.
Johnstone, D.
Nutter, D.
Pineda, J.E.
Quinn, C.
Salji, C.
Tisi, S.
Walker-Smith, S.
Hogerheijde, M.R.
Bastien, P.
Bresnahan, D.
Butner, H.
Chen, M.
Chrysostomou, A.
Coudé, S.
Davis, C.J.
Drabek-Maunder, E.
Duarte-Cabral, A.
Fiege, J.
Friberg, P.
Friesen, R.
Fuller, G.A.
Graves, S.
Greaves, J.
Gregson, J.
Holland, W.
Joncas, G.
Knee, L.B.G.
Mairs, S.
Marsh, K.
Matthews, B.C.
Moriarty-Schieven, G.
Mowat, C.
Rawlings, J.
Richer, J.
Robertson, D.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2017, 464 (04): : 4255 - 4281
[3] The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: first results from SCUBA-2 observations of the Cepheus Flare region
Pattle, K.
Ward-Thompson, D.
Kirk, J. M.
Di Francesco, J.
Kirk, H.
Mottram, J. C.
Keown, J.
Buckle, J.
Beaulieu, S. F.
Berry, D. S.
Broekhoven-Fiene, H.
Currie, M. J.
Fich, M.
Hatchell, J.
Jenness, T.
Johnstone, D.
Nutter, D.
Pineda, J. E.
Quinn, C.
Salji, C.
Tisi, S.
Walker-Smith, S.
Hogerheijde, M. R.
Bastien, P.
Bresnahan, D.
Butner, H.
Chen, M.
Chrysostomou, A.
Coude, S.
Davis, C. J.
Drabek-Maunder, E.
Duarte-Cabral, A.
Fiege, J.
Friberg, P.
Friesen, R.
Fuller, G. A.
Graves, S.
Greaves, J.
Gregson, J.
Holland, W.
Joncas, G.
Knee, L. B. G.
Mairs, S.
Marsh, K.
Matthews, B. C.
Moriarty-Schieven, G.
Mowat, C.
Rawlings, J.
Richer, J.
Robertson, D.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2017, 464 (04) : 4255 - 4281
[4] The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: A First Look at the Auriga-California Molecular Cloud with SCUBA-2
Broekhoven-Fiene, H.
Matthews, B. C.
Harvey, P.
Kirk, H.
Chen, M.
Currie, M. J.
Pattle, K.
Lane, J.
Buckle, J.
Di Francesco, J.
Drabek-Maunder, E.
Johnstone, D.
Berry, D. S.
Fich, M.
Hatchell, J.
Jenness, T.
Mottram, J. C.
Nutter, D.
Pineda, J. E.
Quinn, C.
Salji, C.
Tisi, S.
Hogerheijde, M. R.
Ward-Thompson, D.
Bastien, P.
Bresnahan, D.
Butner, H.
Chrysostomou, A.
Coude, S.
Davis, C. J.
Duarte-Cabral, A.
Fiege, J.
Friberg, P.
Friesen, R.
Fuller, G. A.
Graves, S.
Greaves, J.
Gregson, J.
Holland, W.
Joncas, G.
Kirk, J. M.
Knee, L. B. G.
Mairs, S.
Marsh, K.
Moriarty-Schieven, G.
Mowat, C.
Rawlings, J.
Richer, J.
Robertson, D.
Rosolowsky, E.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2018, 852 (02):
[5] The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: the effect of molecular contamination in SCUBA-2 observations of Orion A
Coude, S.
Bastien, P.
Kirk, H.
Johnstone, D.
Drabek-Maunder, E.
Graves, S.
Hatchell, J.
Chapin, E. L.
Gibb, A. G.
Matthews, B.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2016, 457 (02) : 2139 - 2150
[6] The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: a first look at Southern Orion A with SCUBA-2
Mairs, S.
Johnstone, D.
Kirk, H.
Buckle, J.
Berry, D. S.
Broekhoven-Fiene, H.
Currie, M. J.
Fich, M.
Graves, S.
Hatchell, J.
Jenness, T.
Mottram, J. C.
Nutter, D.
Pattle, K.
Pineda, J. E.
Salji, C.
Di Francesco, J.
Hogerheijde, M. R.
Ward-Thompson, D.
Bastien, P.
Bresnahan, D.
Butner, H.
Chen, M.
Chrysostomou, A.
Coude, S.
Davis, C. J.
Drabek-Maunder, E.
Duarte-Cabral, A.
Fiege, J.
Friberg, P.
Friesen, R.
Fuller, G. A.
Greaves, J.
Gregson, J.
Holland, W.
Joncas, G.
Kirk, J. M.
Knee, L. B. G.
Marsh, K.
Matthews, B. C.
Moriarty-Schieven, G.
Mowat, C.
Rawlings, J.
Richer, J.
Robertson, D.
Rosolowsky, E.
Rumble, D.
Sadavoy, S.
Thomas, H.
Tothill, N.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2016, 461 (04) : 4022 - 4048
[7] The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: SCUBA-2 observations of circumstellar discs in L 1495
Buckle, J. V.
Drabek-Maunder, E.
Greaves, J.
Richer, J. S.
Matthews, B. C.
Johnstone, D.
Kirk, H.
Beaulieu, S. F.
Berry, D. S.
Broekhoven-Fiene, H.
Currie, M. J.
Fich, M.
Hatchell, J.
Jenness, T.
Mottram, J. C.
Nutter, D.
Pattle, K.
Pineda, J. E.
Salji, C.
Tisi, S.
Di Francesco, J.
Hogerheijde, M. R.
Ward-Thompson, D.
Bastien, P.
Butner, H.
Chen, M.
Chrysostomou, A.
Coude, S.
Davis, C. J.
Duarte-Cabral, A.
Friberg, P.
Friesen, R.
Fuller, G. A.
Graves, S.
Gregson, J.
Holland, W.
Joncas, G.
Kirk, J. M.
Knee, L. B. G.
Mairs, S.
Marsh, K.
Moriarty-Schieven, G.
Rawlings, J.
Rosolowsky, E.
Rumble, D.
Sadavoy, S.
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Tothill, N.
Viti, S.
White, G. J.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2015, 449 (03) : 2472 - 2488
[8] The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: SCUBA-2 observations of radiative feedback in NGC 1333
Hatchell, J.
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Ward-Thompson, D.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2013, 429 (01) : L10 - L14
[9] First Results from BISTRO: A SCUBA-2 Polarimeter Survey of the Gould Belt
Ward-Thompson, Derek
Pattle, Kate
Bastien, Pierre
Furuya, Ray S.
Kwon, Woojin
Lai, Shih-Ping
Qiu, Keping
Berry, David
Choi, Minho
Coude, Simon
Di Francesco, James
Hoang, Thiem
Franzmann, Erica
Friberg, Per
Graves, Sarah F.
Greaves, Jane S.
Houde, Martin
Johnstone, Doug
Kirk, Jason M.
Koch, Patrick M.
Kwon, Jungmi
Lee, Chang Won
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Matthews, Brenda C.
Mottram, Joseph C.
Parsons, Harriet
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Rao, Ramprasad
Rawlings, Mark
Shinnaga, Hiroko
Sadavoy, Sarah
van Loo, Sven
Aso, Yusuke
Byun, Do-Young
Eswaraiah, Chakali
Chen, Huei-Ru
Chen, Mike C. -Y.
Chen, Wen Ping
Ching, Tao-Chung
Cho, Jungyeon
Chrysostomou, Antonio
Chung, Eun Jung
Doi, Yasuo
Drabek-Maunder, Emily
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Fuller, Gary
Gledhill, Tim
Griffin, Matt J.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2017, 842 (01):
[10] The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: SCUBA-2 Data Reduction Methods and Gaussian Source Recovery Analysis
Kirk, Helen
Hatchell, Jennifer
Johnstone, Doug
Berry, David
Jenness, Tim
Buckle, Jane
Mairs, Steve
Rosolowsky, Erik
Di Francesco, James
Sadavoy, Sarah
Currie, Malcolm J.
Broekhoven-Fiene, Hannah
Mottram, Joseph C.
Pattle, Kate
Matthews, Brenda
Knee, Lewis B. G.
Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald
Duarte-Cabral, Ana
Tisi, Sam
Ward-Thompson, Derek
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 2018, 238 (01):

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