Novel dispersant-free disperse dyes containing polyethylene oxide moieties: Synthesis and eco-friendly dyeing on polyethylene terephthalate fabrics

To reduce pollutant emission during dyeing process with disperse dyes, novel disperse dyes containing polyethylene oxide moieties were synthesized. The amphiphilic PEG 400 was engaged in nucleophile substitution with prepared N-ethyl-N-phenylglycinoyl chloride to give coupling component containing polyethylene oxide. Diazonium salts were reacted with synthesized coupling component to obtain aimed eco-friendly disperse dyes. Fourier transform infrared and H-1-nuclear magnetic resonance method were used to manifest structures of synthesized dyes and their intermediates. These dyes were applied on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric using traditional high temperature dyeing method under pressure. Dyeing process with and without dispersants were compared, the synthesized dyes showed no dependency on dispersants. Dyed PET fabrics using dispersant-free methods exhibited excellent levelness, excellent washing and rubbing fastness. Quantum simulations were applied to evaluate structure-property relationship of designed dyes. The optimized geometries of designed dyes and electrostatic potential energy diagrams of molecules were simulated by density functional theory method to explain dye-fiber interaction. The designed dispersant-free disperse dyes exhibited no dependency on dispersants and excellent rubbing and washing fastness. Reduction of dispersants could help to eliminate environmental damage related to discharge of effluent containing dispersants.