Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pacidamycin D and Its 3′-Hydroxy Analogue

Full details of the total synthesis of pacidamycin D (4) and its 3 '-hydroxy analogue 32 are described. The chemically labile Z-oxyacyl enamide moiety is the most challenging chemical structure found in uridylpeptide natural products. Key elements of our approach to the synthesis of 4 include the efficient and stereocontrolled construction of the Z-oxyvinyl halides 6 and 7 and their copper-catalyzed cross-coupling with the tetrapeptide carboxamide 5, a thermally unstable compound containing a number of potentially reactive functional groups. This synthetic route also allowed us to easily prepare 3 '-hydroxy analogue 32. The assemblage by cross-coupling of the Z-oxyvinyl halide 6 and the carboxaimide 5 at a late stage of the synthesis provided ready access to a range of uridylpeptide antibiotics and their analogues, despite their inherent labile nature with potential epimerization, simply by altering the tetrapeptide moiety.