Diagnostic use of bronchoalveolar lavage in horses

Bronchoalveolar lavage yields cellular constituents and extracellular proteins from the epithelial surface of the pulmonary alveoli and terminal airways, and is an accurate reflection of the presence and extent of lower respiratory tract inflammation. The procedure is inexpensive and easily performed under field conditions. The diagnostic indications for cytologic evaluation of BAL fluid include: 1) investigation of poor exercise performance and 2) assessment of diffuse pulmonary disease. Bronchoalveolar lavage is an invaluable tool for confirmation of noninfectious and select infectious pulmonary disorders, and cytologic findings often dictate subsequent therapeutic plans.