Effect of dental restorative materials surface roughness on the in vitro biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm

Purpose: To evaluate Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation over different restorative dental materials. Methods: Using a bioreactor over 72 hours, four commercially available ceramics were evaluated: IPS E-max Press, IPS E-max CAD, Lava Ultimate CAD-CAM, Vita Enamic and two resin composites (SR Nexco Paste and Brilliant NG). The results were evaluated using atomic force microscopy and confocal microscopy, the biofilm was stained and the arbitrary fluorescence units (AFU) quantified. Results: The results showed that IPS E-max CAD had the lowest roughness values (4.29 +/- 1.79 nm), while the highest values were observed for Vita Enamic discs (77.13 +/- 17.35 nm). Analysis of S. mutans biofilm formation by AFU revealed lower values for IPS E-max CAD (6.77 +/- 1.67 nm); the highest values were found for Lava Ultimate (79.99 +/- 22.23 nm). Regarding the composite groups, SR Nexco Paste showed roughness values of 15.07 +/- 2.77 nm and lower arbitrary fluorescence units of 30.92 +/- 12.01 nm than Brilliant NT. There was a correlation between the surface roughness of ceramics and composite with S. mutans biofilm formation.