Bone Scan Can Be Spared in Asymptomatic Prostate Cancer Patients with PSA of ≤20 ng/ml and Gleason Score of ≤6 at the Initial Stage of Diagnosis

Objective: According to several guidelines, it is acceptable to spare a bone scan in the patients who are newly diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer. Our aim is to clarify a suitable group whereby a bone scan could be spared at the initial staging of prostate cancer. Methods: Consecutive 857 patients who were newly diagnosed from 2004 through 2009 and received bone scans using technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate at the initial staging were enrolled. The proportion of positive bone metastases by age distribution, prostate-specific antigen level at diagnosis, Gleason score and clinical T stage were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors of positive bone metastases. Results: Of all 857 patients, 40 patients (4.7%) showed bone metastases. Patients with higher age, prostate-specific antigen level, clinical stage and Gleason score showed significantly higher rate of bone metastases (P < 0.001). In univariate logistic regression analyses, age, prostate-specific antigen level, clinical stage and Gleason score were independent predictors of bone metastasis. The multivariate analysis showed that both the prostate-specific antigen level >50 ng/ml and the Gleason score >= 4 + 3 were independent predictors of bone metastases. Conclusions: The incidences of bone metastases in patients with a prostate-specific antigen level of <= 20 ng/ml and Gleason score of <= 6 were reasonably low. Collectively, a bone scan is not necessary as a routine examination for these patients at their initial staging of prostate cancer.