Total Phalloplasty With Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flap in Female-to-male Transgender Surgery

OBJECTIVE To present our technique of musculocutaneous latissimus dorsi (MLD) free-flap total phalloplasty. This technically demanding female-to-male gender reassignment surgery consists of creating a neophallus from extragenital tissue. METHODS The presented technique included: removal of internal and/or external female genitalia, creation of neophallus using latissimus dorsi free flap, clitoral incorporation into the neophallus, urethral lengthening, and insertion of testicular implants into the newly created scrotum. The MLD flap with proper dimension is harvested from nondominant side and tubularized. Microvascular anastomosis is done between thoracodorsal vessels and femoral artery and saphenous vein. Neophallus is positioned in adequate place. Urethroplasty is performed by combining different genital flaps that are harvested from anterior vaginal wall, urethral plate, and both labia minora and clitoral skin. Scrotoplasty is done by joining both labia majora with implantation of testicular implants. RESULTS Operative time was 427 minutes with minimal blood loss. Both donor site and graft healed well, and the patient reports voiding well while standing. Penile prosthesis implantation as well as neophallic urethroplasty are planned for the second stage. CONCLUSION Total MLD flap phalloplasty with urethral lengthening is a challenging and complex surgical procedure. This technique presents good variant for female transgenders with acceptable cosmetic outcome and enables good volume of neophallus, sexual arousal, and voiding while standing. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc.