Pesticides and heavy metals in Danish streambed sediment

The role of streambed sediment as a sink for pesticides and heavy metals was investigated in 30 Danish lowland streams. The investigated streams drain catchments varying in hydrology, topography, soil type and land use. The < 250 μm newly accumulated fraction of the uppermost 1 - 2 cm layer of streambed sediment was analysed for 19 old and modern pesticides and 9 heavy metals. DDE was present in the sediment of all the streams. Of the herbicides, fungicides and insecticides currently in use, the most frequently detected was diuron (50.0%), fenpropimorph (66.7%) and lambda-cyhalothrin (6.7%), respectively. The pesticides detected in the highest concentration were fenpropimorph (1700 ng g(-1)), propiconazole (130 ng g(-1)) and isoproturon (110 ng g(-1)). The heavy metals are listed in order of increasing median concentration: Cd (0.80 μg g(-1)), Co (9.1 μg g(-1)), As (12.0 μg g(-1)), Ni (19.0 μg g(-1)), Cr (19.2 μg g(-1)), Pb (19.7 μg g(-1)), Cu (20.1 μg g(-1)), V (28.5 μg g(-1)), Zn (103 μg g(-1)). The average number of pesticides detected in the 27 streams draining predominantly agricultural catchments was (3.7 +/- 2.0) being higher (p = 0.077) than in the three streams draining non-agricultural catchments (1.7 +/- 0.6). Pesticides were significantly related to catchment size, soil type and hydrological regime. Several heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, V and Zn) were related to urban activity and soil type.