Effect of eggshell temperature and oxygen concentration on survival rate and nutrient utilization in chicken embryos

被引:51
|
作者
Molenaar, R. [1 ]
Meijerhof, R. [2 ]
van den Anker, I. [3 ]
Heetkamp, M. J. W. [3 ]
van den Borne, J. J. G. C. [4 ]
Kemp, B. [3 ]
van den Brand, H. [3 ]
机构
[1] HatchTech Incubat Technol BV, NL-3900 AG Veenendaal, Netherlands
[2] Poultry Performance Plus, NL-7383 DB Voorst, Netherlands
[3] Wageningen Univ, Adaptat Physiol Grp, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
[4] Wageningen Univ, Anim Nutr Grp, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
关键词
incubation condition; survival rate; body composition; nutrient utilization; chicken embryo; LIPID-METABOLISM; HEAT-PRODUCTION; GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH; BROILER; GLUCONEOGENESIS; HATCHABILITY; INCUBATION; HYPOXIA; PROTEIN;
D O I
10.3382/ps.2010-00787
中图分类号
S8 [畜牧、 动物医学、狩猎、蚕、蜂];
学科分类号
0905 ;
摘要
Environmental conditions during incubation such as temperature and O-2 concentration affect embryo development that may be associated with modifications in nutrient partitioning. Additionally, prenatal conditions can affect postnatal nutrient utilization. Using broiler chicken embryos, we studied the effects of eggshell temperature (EST; 37.8 or 38.9 degrees C) and O-2 (17, 21, or 25%) applied from d 7 until 19 of incubation in a 2 x 3 factorial design. Effects of these factors on embryonic survival, development, and nutrient utilization were assessed in the pre- and posthatch period. High EST reduced yolk-free body mass compared with normal EST (36.1 vs. 37.7 g), possibly through reduced incubation duration (479 vs. 487 h) and lower efficiency of protein utilization for growth (83.6 vs. 86.8%). Increasing O-2 increased yolk-free body mass (from 35.7 to 38.3 g) at 12 h after emergence from the eggshell, but differences were larger between the low and normal O-2 than between the normal and high O-2. This might be due to the lower efficiency of nutrient utilization for growth at low O-2. However, the effects of O-2 that were found at 12 h were less pronounced at 48 h posthatch. When O2 was shifted to 21% for all treatments at d 19 of incubation, embryos incubated at low O-2 used nutrients more efficiently than those incubated at normal or high O-2. An additional negative effect on survival and chick development occurred when embryos were exposed to a combination of high EST and low O-2. Possible explanations include reduced nutrient availability for hatching, decreased body development to fulfill the energy-demanding hatching process, and higher incidence of malpositions. In conclusion, EST and O-2 during incubation affect nutrient utilization for growth, which may explain differences in survival and development. Embryos raised under suboptimal environmental conditions in the prenatal period may develop adaptive mechanisms that still continue in the posthatch period.
引用
收藏
页码:2010 / 2021
页数:12
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