Update on viral hepatitis in children

Molecular biology has provided techniques by which two new types of hepatitis, the enterically transmitted HEV and the parenterally transmitted HCV, have been identified. Diagnostic capabilities allow screening of blood products for HCV, increasing the safety of the blood supply, and detection of asymptomatic cases, permitting further delineation of the natural history of this infection. Progress has been made in understanding the sequelae of chronic infection by exploring the mechanisms of tolerance and oncogenesis. Interferon treatment of HBV and HCV shows some efficacy; further exploration of this therapy continues in children. Safe and effective vaccines now exist for HAV and HBV, promising an avenue for the eventual elimination of these infections.