Modular symmetry in the SMEFT

We study the modular symmetric standard model effective field theory. We employ the stringy Ansatz on coupling structure that 4-point couplings y((4)) of matter fields are written by a product of 3-point couplings y((3)) of matter fields, i.e., y((4)) = y((3))y((3)). In this framework, we discuss the flavor structure of bilinear fermion operators and 4-fermion operators, where the holomorphic and antiholomorphic modular forms appear. From the Ansatz, the A(4) modular-invariant semileptonic four-fermion operator [(E) over bar (R)Gamma E-R][(D) over bar (R)Gamma D-R] does not lead to the flavor changing (FC) processes since this operator would be constructed in terms of gauge couplings g as y((3)) similar to g. The chirality flipped bilinear operator [(D) over bar (R)Gamma D-L] also does not lead FC if the mediated mode corresponds to the Higgs boson H-d. In this case, the flavor structure of this operator is the exactly same as the mass matrix. On the other hand, if the flavor structure of the operator is not the exactly same as the mass matrix, the situation would change drastically. Then, we obtain the nontrivial relations of FC transitions at nearby fixed points tau = i, omega, i infinity, which are testable in the future. As an application, we discuss the relations of the lepton flavor violation processes mu -> e gamma, tau -> mu gamma and tau -> e gamma at nearby tau(e) = i, where the successful lepton mass matrix was obtained. We also study the flavor changing 4-quark operators in the A(4) modular symmetry of quarks. As a result, the minimal flavor violation could be realized by taking relevant specific parameter sets of order one.