High-intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer: a practice guideline

Objective: The aim of this practice guideline was to develop evidence-based recommendations for clinicians on the use of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in patients with localized prostate cancer. Methods: The guideline was developed using the methods of Cancer Care Ontario's Program in Evidence-Based Care (PEBC). The core methodology of the PEBC's guideline development process is systematic review. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken to identify high-quality studies, reviews and other practice guidelines on the use of HIFU in prostate cancer. The evidence formed the basis of the recommendations, which were reviewed and amended where necessary, by clinical experts in medical and radiation oncology and urology. Results: The literature review yielded limited evidence. No randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses comparing HIFU with currently accepted management approaches were identified. The body of evidence is primarily based on data from case series. Internal feedback was provided by the PEBC Genitourinary Disease Site Group membership and the Report Approval Panel. External peer review included targeted review by clinical experts specifically requested to comment on the guideline, and professional consultation through an online survey of health care professionals. Conclusion: HIFU is currently not recommended as an alternative to accepted curative treatment approaches for localized prostate cancer.