One size does not fit all - overcoming barriers to participant recruitment in qualitative research

Background It can be challenging to recruit participants for qualitative research. Recruitment can be affected by factors such as systemic barriers, as well as potential participants being reluctant to enrol in research they view as time-consuming and burdensome - particularly research exploring sensitive topics. Aim To analyse and describe the implementation of multiple recruitment strategies used to overcome the recruitment barriers in a qualitative study exploring the use of physical restraints during mechanical ventilation in intensive care. Discussion Recruitment strategies that are helpful for one study may not be successful in another. Qualitative researchers may face many recruitment challenges specific to the contexts of their studies. Overcoming these challenges can be costly, time-consuming and often frustrating, so it is important that researchers develop qualities and skills that enable them to navigate these barriers. Conclusion Nurse researchers must consider the contexts of their target populations and tailor their recruitment strategies to the populations' needs. They must also be flexible, innovative and persistent in their approach, despite the challenges they face. Implications for practice This paper provides insights into the recruitment barriers faced during a qualitative study and possible solutions. These insights can guide nurse researchers facing similar challenges in qualitative research.