Effects of nickle, nickle-cobalt and nickle-cobalt-phosphorus nanocatalysts for enhancing biohydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cells using paper industry wastewater

Paper industries are water-intensive industries that produce large amount of wastewater containing dyes, toxicity and high nutrient content. These industries require sustainable technology for their waste disposal and MEC could be one of them. However, effective MEC operation at neutral pH and ambient temperature requires economical and efficient cathodes that are capable to treat indusial wastewater along with recovery of energy/ biohydrogen. Co-deposits of Nickel, Nickel-Cobalt and Nickel-Cobalt-Phosphorous on the surface of SS and Cu base metals distinctly were used as cathodes in MEC for the concurrent treatment of real paper industry wastewater and biohydrogen production. MECs were utilized in batch mode at neutral pH, applied voltage of 0.6 V and 30 +/- 2 degrees C temperature with paper industry wastewater and activated sludge as microbial sources. The fabricated Nickel-Cobalt-Phosphorous gives the higher hydrogen production rate of 0.16 +/- 0.002 m(3)(H-2) m(3)d(-1) and 0.14 +/- 0.002 m(3)(H-2) m(-3)d(-1) respectively, with similar to 33-42 % treatment efficiency for a 500 ml wastewater in 7-day batch cycle in both the cases; while it is lowest in the case of the control cathodes (SS1 (0.07 +/- 0.002 m(3)(H-2) m(-3)d(-1))& Cu1 (0.06 +/- 0.004 m(3)(H-2) m(-3)d(-1))). It was also found that fabricated cathodes have the capability to treat industrial wastewater at ambient conditions efficiently with higher energy recovery. Prepared cathodes show enhanced hydrogen production and treatment efficiency as well as are competitive to some reported literature.