Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis

Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is, together with anaphylactic shock, one of the most serious forms of food allergy. FDEIA is defined by the onset of anaphylaxis during (or soon after) exercise, preceded by the ingestion of food. Although FDEIA is a rare entity, the recurrent, life-threatening episodes of the disease require serious consideration. FDEIA mostly affects young, active patients and therefore episodes of the disease are most often observed during gym classes at school or training in sportsmen. Individuals practising sport considerably more often consume foods with high calorific value, containing substances characterized by strong allergenic potential (nuts and grains). Patients with a history of FDEIA should be told to avoid consuming causative foods for at least 4 hours before exercise. It is vital that the diagnosis of FDEIA is not overlooked by teachers, coaches and physicians. According to the latest publications both exercise and acetylsalicylic acid may facilitate allergen absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Due to the fact that episodes of FDEIA are most often observed during contests and games, it is vital to inform teachers, coaches and physicians specializing in sport medicine about this rare entity.