Design of miniaturized fractal antenna

This paper presents rectangular, fractal and proximity coupled patch antennas on single and multilayer substrate with and without air-gap. The antennas have been designed on epsilon(r) = 4.3, h = 1.53 mm with initial dimension 36.08 x 29.6 mm of simple rectangular patch. The experimental resonant frequency fr of fractal patch with 2nd iteration is observed 2.11 GHz in comparison to rectangular patch 2.42 GHz. This reveals the size reduction of the patch antenna. The shrinkage bandwidth of fractal patch has been improved with 0.8 mm air-gap in multilayered fractal patch in stack. The size of multilayered antenna is smaller than proximity coupled fractal antenna by 44.74% designed for same f(r). The radiation pattern of fractal antenna is as similar to rectangular patch antenna but cross polarization level is better in fractal patch. This increases with the air-gap in multilayered fractal patch. The all simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.