One-Pot Robust Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics with Multifunctional Chamomile Flower Dyes

Our study focused on the extraction of biologically active compounds in the form of eco-friendly dyes from dried chamomile flower (CF) powder using three different solvents, as well as the development of an approach to the simultaneous dyeing and finishing of cationized cotton fabrics, a process which can impart multifunctional properties. These extracted dyes were successfully used as reducing and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which functionalized both the dye and the fabric. This green, value-added dyeing approach is needed for the production of biomedical textiles, especially in the healthcare sector. Our results revealed that the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were significantly higher in dyes extracted using ethanol and methanol than those extracted using an aqueous solution. Furthermore, cotton fabrics dyed with these three dyes exhibited a wide range of colors with good washing fastness, excellent UV protection, and antioxidant properties. The simultaneous dyeing and finishing of cotton fabrics via the in situ green synthesis CF extracts/AgNPs dyes enhanced the K/S values and the antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity of the fabrics while still providing adequate UV protection. This process also improved the washing fastness and durability, which is important for biomedical applications.