Leveraging Formal Methods to Blockchain Consensus Protocols: A Scoping Literature Review

Recently, the concept of blockchain has emerged and caused a stir in the digital world and this translates into a new perspective on the security, flexibility, and efficiency of systems. To solve various problems that exist in Byzantine environments the blockchain uses consensus algorithms to solve these problems. These consensus algorithms are essential to ensure long-term stability in a blockchain system, so consensus forms the basis of blockchain technology. Therefore, the appearance of a set of consensus protocols aims to improve the efficiency of blockchain systems and meet the individual needs of different application areas. On the other hand, to make blockchain platforms more secure and reliable for information sharing, and an optimal solution for value transfer, formal methods have been used to provide sufficient mathematical proofs to ensure user safety and security. In this paper, a scoping literature review on leveraging formal methods to consensus protocols is presented and discussed.