The nonconforming element method and refined hybrid element method for axisymmetric solid

The general approach for constituting non-conforming displacement function has been developed for axisymmetric finite element analysis and a pure non-conforming quadrilateral axisymmetric element, from a non-conforming displacement function and without any reduced integration technique, is given. Based on a proposed functional for formulating axisymmetric element and the orthogonal approach, a quadrilateral axisymmetric refined hybrid element has been presented which can be used to achieve superior performances such as higher accuracy and free from locking.