Mailed Fists and Velvet Gloves: The Relevance of Smart Power to Singapore's Evolving Defence and Foreign Policy

This paper critically assesses the conceptual utility of smart power to Singapore's evolving defence and foreign policy and behaviour. First, as a political concept adopted by the United States for its post-Afghanistan strategy, smart power does not travel easily. With qualifications, however, the notion is relevant to Singapore's policy pragmatism and its emphasis on deterrence and diplomacy. Second, Singapore's willingness to employ its military assets in disaster relief and peacekeeping arguably hews most closely to smart power's mix of hard and soft approaches. Third, Singapore's contributions to global governance, albeit limited, imply a rethinking among its leaders on the place of values in its policy.