Ontology-based conceptual design of ETL processes for both structured and semi-structured data

One of the main tasks in the early stages of a data warehouse project is the identification of the appropriate transformations and the specification of inter-schema mappings from the data sources to the data warehouse. In this article, we propose an ontology-based approach to facilitate the conceptual design of the backstage of a data warehouse. A graph-based representation is used as a conceptual model for the datastores, so that both structured and semi-structured data are supported and handled in a uniform way. The proposed approach is based on the use of Semantic Web technologies to semantically annotate the data sources and the data warehouse, so that mappings between them can be inferred, thereby resolving the issue of heterogeneity Specifically, a suitable application Ontology is created and used to annotate the datastores. The language used for describing the ontology is OWL-DL. Based on the provided annotations, a DL reasoner is employed to infer semantic correspondences and conflicts among the datastores, and to propose a set of conceptual operations for transforming data from the source datastores to the data warehouse.