Fabrication and Application of Photonic Crystal Biochemical Sensor

Photonic crystal biochemical sensing is a promising analytical method which amplifies or converts biochemical signals into photoelectrically readable signals and performs quantitative or semi-quantitative analysis by instruments or naked eyes, based on the structural characteristics of photonic crystals. This review mainly focuses on the three aspects of the photonic crystal biochemical sensor : material selection and fabrication, sensing mechanism, design and application. Firstly, in terms of material selection and fabrication, this article reviews the monodisperse colloidal nanoparticles , electromagnetic composite colloidal nanoparticles , nanowires , metal organic frameworks and so on. Secondly , the sensing mechanism is briefly introduced from three aspects ; structure color, slow light effect and photoelectric conversion mechanism. Further, the design and application of visible photonic crystal biochemical sensor, fluorescence enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor, Raman enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor, evanescent wave enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor, surface infrared absorption enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor and photoelectric signal enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor are reviewed, based on the perspective of interaction effect of photonic crystal and light. Finally , the future of photonic crystal biochemical sensor is prospected.