The analysis of landscape ecological risk in Northeast China has important guiding significance for the establishment of regional ecological early warning mechanism, the promotion of regional ecological environmental protection and environmental management and social and economic development. Northeast China as study area, based on 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010 the TM remote sensing data, with ArcGIS and Fragstats software as a platform to build ecological risk index, the spatial and temporal characteristics of regional ecological risk were analyzed. The result indicated that, From 1980 to 2010, significantly changes of the northeast area landscape pattern, the main features of cultivated land and construction land increased significantly, significantly reduced the area of grassland and forestland; Northeast region ecological risk spatial distribution difference. Overall, plain area of ecological risk is higher than that of forest and mountain; The ecological risk in the study area showed increasing trend, ecological risk level from low grade to high grade change is the main features of regional ecological risk transfer in research study period.