Moral hazard and the demand for physician services: First lessons from a French natural experiment

This paper presents empirical results on moral hazard in demand for medical care, using a longitudinal dataset on 4578 individuals followed during two years. The dataset contains two subgroups, one for which a copayment rate of 10% for physician visits was introduced in 1994, and an other for which no change occurred during the period of the study. This enables us to use these data as coming from a controlled natural experiment. We test if the number of visits per agent was modified by this copayment rate. The data reject the hypothesis for office visits, but do not for home visits. This suggests that there is moral hazard in demand for some physician services, but also that when non-monetary costs are important, small changes in monetary price may not induce any major change in behavior (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.