A controlled-attention view of working-memory capacity

被引:967
作者
Kane, MJ
Bleckley, MK
Conway, ARA
Engle, RW
机构
[1] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
[2] Univ Illinois, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL USA
关键词
D O I
10.1037/0096-3445.130.2.169
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
In 2 experiments the authors examined whether individual differences in working-memory (WM) capacity are related to attentional control. Experiment 1 tested high- and low-WM-span (high-span and low-span) participants in a prosaccade task, in which a visual cue appeared in the same location as a subsequent to-be-identified target letter, and in an antisaccade task, in which a target appeared opposite the cued location. Span groups identified targets equally well in the prosaccade task, reflecting equivalence in automatic orienting. However, low-span participants were slower and less accurate than high-span participants in the antisaccade task, reflecting differences in attentional control. Experiment 2 measured eye movements across a long antisaccade session. Low-span participants made slower and more erroneous saccades than did high-span participants. In both experiments, low-span participants performed poorly when task switching from antisaccade to prosaccade blocks. The findings support a controlled-attention view of WM capacity.
引用
收藏
页码:169 / 183
页数:15
相关论文
共 67 条
[1]  
ALLPORT A, 1994, ATTENTION PERFORM, V15, P421
[2]  
[Anonymous], ADV RES THEOR
[3]  
[Anonymous], WORKING MEMORY HUMAN
[4]   Exploring the central executive [J].
Baddeley, A .
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY SECTION A-HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1996, 49 (01) :5-28
[5]  
Baddeley A., 1975, The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, V8, P47, DOI DOI 10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60452-1
[6]  
Baddeley A., 1986, WORKING MEMORY
[7]   Suppression of reflexive saccades in younger and older adults: Age comparisons on an antisaccade task [J].
Butler, KM ;
Zacks, RT ;
Henderson, JM .
MEMORY & COGNITION, 1999, 27 (04) :584-591
[8]  
Cattell R. B., 1960, Measuring intelligence with the culture fair tests
[10]  
CLARKSONSMITH L, 1990, J GERONTOL, V45, pP233