Radiologic Findings in Pediatric Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Objective: Pediatric sudden sensorineural hearing loss (pSSNHL) is a rare phenomenon. There is currently no consensus on the role of imaging in the work-up for this patient population. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution computed tomography (CT) studies in determining the etiology of pSSNHL. Study Design: Retrospective case review. Setting: Tertiary Hospital and Ambulatory Otolaryngology Clinic. Patients: Patients <= 18 years of age with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and who had either MRI or CT imaging between January 2010 and May 2019 were included. Intervention: Diagnostic imaging. Main Outcome Measures: Clinical characteristics and radiology impressions. Results: A total of 11 patients were identified, and 10 had unilateral SSNHL. MRI was performed on all patients, five patients had additional CT imaging. Abnormal imaging findings relevant to SSNHL were observed in five patients (45.5%), which included enlarged endolymphatic duct and sac, labyrinthine ossification, apical petrositis, hypoplastic cochlear nerve, and arachnoid cyst in the internal auditory canal; one patient had unrelated findings (enlarged pituitary gland), all remaining imaging studies were normal. Conclusion: In our cohort, we found a higher imaging yield on pSSNHL than what has been reported for adult populations, indicating that the use of imaging in the diagnostic work-up is especially important in children.