Roles of putative neurotransmitters in the regulation of gastric and intestinal slow waves in conscious dogs

Background and Aims: Slow waves play an important role in controlling the frequency and propagation of gastrointestinal contractions. However, mechanisms involved in the modulation of slow wave activity in vivo are still unclear. In this study, the roles of different neurotransmitters in the regulation of gastrointestinal slow waves were investigated in conscious dogs. Methods: Female dogs implanted with electrodes in the stomach and the small bowel were used in a seven-session study. Gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity was recorded at baseline and after i.v. saline, atropine, atropine methyl nitrate, guanethidine, N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), ondansetron or naloxone. Results: Both atropine and atropine methyl nitrate induced tachygastria, bradygastria and arrhythmia. No difference was noted in the effects between atropine and atropine methyl nitrate. L-NNA increased the dominant frequency of small-intestinal slow waves but had no effect on gastric slow waves. Guanethidine, ondansetron and naloxone did not affect the dominant frequency, power or percentage of normal gastrointestinal slow waves. Conclusions: Acetylcholine acting at muscarinic receptors seems to play an important role in the regulation of gastric slow waves. Nitric oxide may play a role in modulating intestinal slow waves but not gastric slow waves. Sympathetic pathways, 5-HT3 receptors and opioid receptors (especially mu-opioid receptors) do not play a role in the regulation of gastric or intestinal slow waves under normal physiological conditions.